Water and Sanitation Local Cooperation's RSIP
Annotated content page RSIP(Note for the reader; this annotated content page has been developed to facilitate the development of the Resilience and Service Improvement Plan (RSIP) report
1 Summary of the plan
This section provides a brief summary of the main problems and actions that were identified to enhance the performance of the utility and improve its resilience. The summary presents the main problems and solutions that have been identified related to the financial, administrative and technical performance, whilst also looking at possible environmental and man-made threats (Table 1).This section visualizes a brief summery for the main problems and procedures that were identified to enhance the performance of the utilities and improve its resilience plan. The summery also demonstrates main problems and the optimal solutions that have been identified regarding Financial, administrative and technical performance. It also highlights the possible environmental and humanitarian threats.
Table 1 Summary of main problems, proposed actions and time frame
The main problems and proposed actions are briefly presented below under three* main subheadings:
Financial, administrative and consumer related risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….. (just the name or a brief explanation of the problem; followed by the proposed intervention in a little more detail than indicated in the table)
Risk and intervention 2: …..
Risk and intervention 3: ……
Technical risks
Risk and intervention 1: …….
Risk and intervention 2: ……..
Risk and intervention 3: …….
This summery will very much help sharing the planned activities with different actors.
| 1 | Employees do not receive their salaries and fees regularly and in full, and workers’ fees are low. | <3 Low risk |
| 2 | The absence of a modern electronic system that includes a database and correct information (administrative - financial - subscriber accounts - stores), which affects the level of performance in the branch | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff because of their lack of qualification, as well as a lack of qualified staff, which causes a low level of performance | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | The branch’s low ability to collect debts from subscribers, especially from the government sector, and thus increase the burdens on the branch and its inability to continue providing water and sanitation services | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 7 | The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 8 | Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 9 | Depletion of groundwater for agriculture | intolerable risk |
| 10 | High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costs | intolerable risk |
| 11 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performance | intolerable risk |
| 12 | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | intolerable risk |
| 13 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performance | intolerable risk |
| 14 | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | intolerable risk |
| 15 | Damage of the previous collection basins, so the branch does not have a sewage treatment plant, which leads to the emptying of sewage into water stream way (Alsyaalah) | high risk |
| 16 | The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
| 17 | The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
| 18 | The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
| 19 | The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
2 Introduction
The resilience and service improvement plan (RSIP) for the water utility ……….. was developed in ….., by a small team of .. persons (Annex 1). It presents an overview of the water supply and sewerage system, its main components, and the main problems related to the performance of the organization and the risks that have been identified related to the water quality, quantity and continuity of the water supply waste water services. It outlines the envisaged actions that have been prioritised to be implemented to enhance performance and improve resilience to respond to natural and manmade disasters. It includes a time frame, an indication of responsible actors, and provides a brief description of the monitoring and review process that is envisaged. The plan also looks at the risks related to the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 virus.
Revise text: Whereas there is no indication of transmission of this virus through water supply, the pandemic may cause serious disruptions in system operations This may include shortage of staff, power disruptions, and shortages of chemicals and other supplies, caused for example by Government directives. Protecting the health and safety of employees needs to be emphasized in the risk mitigation plan to ensure that essential functions can be maintained..
The RSIP was approved by …. on …. (date), and will be reviewed on …. (date)
Table 2. Basic information about the utility and its customers
This section provides basic information of the water utility and its customers (Table 2)
| Name of the utility | The General Corporation for Water and Sanitation / Shibam Branch |
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| City/Governorate | Al Mahwit / Shibam |
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| City Population | 75000 |
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| Number of customers (water supply / wastewater) | Water22,575 & San 3,521 |
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| Water supply/ Waste water coverage | Water 30% & San. 4.6% |
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| How many internally displaced persons (IDP) are served by the system (and % of IDP in area) | 500 for sewage & 2257 for water |
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| Per capita water demand (l/c/d) | 60 liters |
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| Average water demand (m3/day)Untitled | 1354 m 3 |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 966 |
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| Average water volume billed (m3/day) | 753 |
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| Per capita consumption (l/c/d), (billed) | 33 |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 10.5 hours/day & 2 batches/month |
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| Main Power source | Diesel-solar generators for (2) wells and pumping station (1) |
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| Number of staff | 38 |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) (%) | 22% |
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| Average volume of waste water produced (m3/day) | 132 m 3 |
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| Average volume of waste water treated (m3/day) | The treatment plant is out of service |
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Table 3a. Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
Financial performance of the water branch of the utility
| Rate revenues(metered) per year | 100209602 |
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| Income from flat rates (not metered) per year | - |
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| Income from commercial customers per year | - |
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| Income from public taps, if any per year | - |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | 24000000 |
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| Other income (specify) per year | - |
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| Total annual income | 124209602 |
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| Total annual expenditures | 152,244,639.12 |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | 93% |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | - |
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| Average cost of water production and distribution (per m3) | 567 |
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Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch
Table 3b. Financial performance of the waste water branch (This table only need to be included if cost for water and sanitation are available separately)
| Income from waste water (WW) charges to users per year | - |
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| Income from WW charges to commercial customers per year | - |
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| Subsidy (government, municipality) per year | - |
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| Other income (specify) per year | - |
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| Total annual income | - |
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| Total annual expenditures | - |
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| Collection efficiency (payment received/billed amount/year) | - |
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| Annual cost recovery from users (income from users /expenditures) | - |
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| Average cost of waste water discharge and treatment (per m3) | - |
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Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year) (2019)
Table 4. Main cost items for the water and waste water (cost in $ per year)
| Staff cost for water supply | 0 |
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| Staff cost for waste water | 0 |
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| Staff cost-Total cost per year | 34805539.18 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for water supply | 0 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.) for waste water | 0 |
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| Transport cost (vehicles etc.)-Total cost per year | 26283915.66 |
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| Energy cost for water supply | 0 |
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| Energy cost for waste water | 0 |
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| Energy cost (also includes maintenance cost of all transport) - Total cost per year | 0 |
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| Chemicals costs for water supply | 0 |
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| Chemicals costs for waste water | 0 |
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| Chemicals costs-Total cost per year | 0 |
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| Materials costs for water supply | 0 |
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| Materials costs for waste water | 0 |
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| Materials costs -Total cost per year | 13038000 |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for water supply | 0 |
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| Contracts for larger repairs for waste water | 0 |
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| Contracts for larger repairs -Total cost per year | 23809668.83 |
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| Others for water supply | 0 |
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| Others for waste water | 0 |
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| Others-Total cost per year | 17597514.38 |
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| Total annual cost for water supply | 0 |
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| Total annual cost for waste water | 0 |
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| Total annual cost- Total cost per year | 115534641.49 |
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| The cost items include the monetary value of the in-kind contributions the utility receives; The table does not include cost related to system expansion If cost for water and waste water cannot be separated then just fill the last column | - |
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Table 5 Water balance
One key tool to assess the situation in the utility is the water balance (Table 5). Filling out the water balance will give an indication of the performance of the utility in terms of water supply. On average in 2019 a volume of …. m3 is put into supply and on average a volume of …. m3 is being billed to customers. A more detailed estimate of the water balance is presented in Table 5.
This overview only concerns the water loss as defined by IWA, which is about the water that is produced and put into supply. In addition however water may be ‘lost’ in the intake structure and in the transmission main to the water treatment plant, (or water tank with disinfection), the treatment process (backwash) and the transmission to water storage tanks.
| Authorized consumption m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption Billed m3 | 271054 m3 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed metered Volume m3 | 266202 m3 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed unmetered Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid metered (partly delayed payment)Volume m3 | 4852 m3 |
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| Authorized consumption Billed Unpaid unmetered Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled metered Volume m3 | - |
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| Authorized consumption unbilled unmetered m3 | - |
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| Water losses m3 | - |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) m3 | m3 12144 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Metering inaccuracies volume m3 | m3 64562 |
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| Water losses - apparent losses (commercial losses) - Unauthorized consumption (illegal connections)volume m3 | - |
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| Water losses Real losses volume m3 | - |
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| Water losses Real losses Leakages in storage reservoirs, distribution mains and service lines volume m3 | - |
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| Water losses-Real losses -Overflow of water tanks, flushing of pipes volume m3 | - |
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| Total Revenue water-Authorized\consumption | 266202 m3 |
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| Total non revenue water m3 | - |
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Table 6 Main financial and organizational problems and risks
In this section the main financial and organizational problems are being presented that may jeopardize the performance and the resilience of the utility. Hazardous events in this area may relate to financing, administration and customer relationships (Table 6). The main hazardous events have to be identified and the risks have to be assessed to be able to prioritize action.
Problems may include a high level of non-revenue water. It may be this is already known in more detail (high water physical water loss, many illegal connections, and water meter inaccuracies). It may also be a more general problem of water tariffs that are not covering the cost, a large number of displaced persons with limited resources, or because other financial resources such as support from external organizations may be at risk.
Administrative problems may include: high staff turnover, weak staff regulations, administrative difficulties such as meter reading, inaccurate customer data base, as well as not following up on customer complaints.
| 1 | Employees do not receive their salaries and fees regularly and in full, and workers’ fees are low. | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 1 = Minimal effect | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | <3 Low risk |
| 2 | The absence of a modern electronic system that includes a database and correct information (administrative - financial - subscriber accounts - stores), which affects the level of performance in the branch | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 3 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff because of their lack of qualification, as well as a lack of qualified staff, which causes a low level of performance | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | The branch’s low ability to collect debts from subscribers, especially from the government sector, and thus increase the burdens on the branch and its inability to continue providing water and sanitation services | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 7 | The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch | IS,LF= interruption in supply,lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 8 | Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft | LF=lack of finance to pay staff and suppliers | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
3 Review of risks in the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
Table 7. Basic information about the water supply system
This section provides an overview of the system including some key characteristics (Table 7), a map with the system components (Figure 1) and an overview of the main risks that have been identified (Table 8). These risks may relate to different types of hazards including the deterioration of the biological, chemical or physical water quality, problems related to the availability of water, interruption of water distribution. The information presented in this chapter is based on the detailed assessment of each component of the water system presented in Annex 2.
| Type of water source(s) | subterranean wells |
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| Number of boreholes and capacity (l/s) | 4 wells - 219 liters per second |
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| Depth of boreholes (range) | Well No. 4, 150 m deep Well No. 5 with a depth of 84 m Well No. 6 with a depth of 194 m Well No. 7, 240m deep |
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| Age (average and range) | 22 years from 2000 - 2022 |
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| Average water production (m3/day) | 966 |
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| Type of water treatment | Nothing |
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| Design capacity (m3/day) | 753 |
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| Transmission lines + pumping mains (km) | 29,896 km |
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| Distribution system (service connections) (km) | 87 km |
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| Water storage tanks (number& total capacity in m3) | 9 / 1600 m 3 |
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| Number of operating water pumps | 10 hours/day average |
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| Spare pumps | Non |
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| Number of house connections (W &WW) | 3225 |
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| Part of house connections with meters (%) | 100% |
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| Number of public, social and utility standpoints | 0 |
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| Operating hours/day and day/week | 10 hours / day average & 2 shifts / month |
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| Main Power source | Diesel generators + solar energy (2) wells and pumping station (1) |
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| Number of bulk water meters | 6 |
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| Non-revenue water (NRW) | 22% |
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| Commercial losses (%) of NRW | 4% |
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| Leakage (%) of NRW | 18% |
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| Average operating pressure (m) and range | 160m |
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| Number of pipe bursts (No/km/year) | - |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | Destruction of the Kawkaban network - the destruction of the technical equipment that was in the stores due to the bombing on it |
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| Schematic drawing of the system and its main components |  |
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Table 8. Summary of important hazards and risks in the components of the water system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply. Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections, area; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections, area; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections, area Risk levels (frequency x effect): low risk < 3; medium risk 3 – 6; high risk 7 – 10; intolerable risk > 10 |
| 1 | Depletion of groundwater for agriculture | P = Physical | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 2 | High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costs | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 3 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performance | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 4 | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 5 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performance | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 6 | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
Overview of the water supply system
| Figure 1. Overview of the water supply system |  |
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4 Waste water related problems
In this section the proposed actions to improve performance and enhance resilience are presented in some detail. The activities for each main risk are presented in a separate table (29 etc., ……)
Table 9. Basic information about the waste water system
This section provides an overview of the sewer system and waste water treatment plants, including some key characteristics (Table 9) and a map with the system components (Figure 2).
| Name | - |
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| Average annual flow (m3/year) | 47572 |
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| Type of waste water treatment (and age) | The plant is out of service |
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| Annual average design flow (m3/year) | 21883 |
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| Length of sewerage system (km) | 2 km |
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| Design organic load (BOD) | - |
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| Actual inlet organic load (BOD) | - |
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| Efficiency: outflow organic load (BOD) | - |
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| Age of distribution system (average and range) | - |
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| Number of service connections | 503 |
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| Number of sewer left stations | - |
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| Operating hours/day | - |
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| Main power source | - |
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| Number of waste water overflow points | - |
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| Specific damages caused by the war | - |
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Table 10. Summary of important hazards and risks related to waste water
Table 10 presents the main hazardous events and risks that have been identified. These risks may relate to different types of events including blockage of sewers causing contamination of housing areas, deterioration of the infrastructure, pumping problems, interruption or malfunctioning of the treatment system generating odour problems or fly nuisance but also low connection ratio in areas where onsite systems are causing problems. If wastewater management and financing is separated from the management of the water supply system, than risks may also include financing and staff problems. The resulting hazards may include contamination of the service area and of downstream water sources which may contribute to the spread of disease including for example cholera. In case a considerable number of risks exist a good option to consider is to present a more detailed analysis in an annex and just summarise the situation in Table 10.
| 1 | Damage of the previous collection basins, so the branch does not have a sewage treatment plant, which leads to the emptying of sewage into water stream way (Alsyaalah) | CS,RDW: Contamination service area،Risk of polluting drinking water | 3 = Serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | high risk |
| 2 | The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage network | CS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems , | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 3 | The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage network | CS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems , | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 4 | The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage network | CS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems , | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
| 5 | The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage network | CS,GS, PF, OP=Contamination service area,Groundwater contamination، Proliferation of flies،Odour problems , | 5= very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | intolerable risk |
The wastewater treatment system components
| Figure 3: Picture of the basin area (watershed) |  |
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5 Overview of the main risks and possible control measures
Table 11. Effect of control measures on important risk
In this section the main risks that were identified in chapter 2, 3, and 4 are listed (Table 11). For some of these the utility may already have put already control measures or other interventions in place that may reduce the risk if effective or not. This needs to be taken into account in the final priority setting related to the different risks that were established in section 2, 3, and 4. To clarify this issue we can look at some examples. A possible hazardous event may be that a borehole gets contaminated because of inflow of water from the surface due to poor protection of the well head. Flooding may happen a few times a year (score 3 likely) and impact is serious (3) so risk is 9. The utility may have arranged for disinfecting wells after flooding, but this may not prevent water draining into the well when it rains. So the control measure does not seem effective. Hence despite the control measure the risk does remain 9. Another hazardous event may be experienced staff leaving the utility. A control measure that may have been put in place is to develop standard operating procedures so new staff knows what to do, but this may not be sufficient to overcome the lack of experience. So in that case the risk still may be high and this then requires a more in-depth analysis of the causes of experienced staff leaving
| 1 | ADM = Administration and customer relations | The lack of oil derivatives and their high prices | Installing 3 solar Energy systems + diesel support from UNICEF | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 2 | ADM = Administration and customer relations | Destruction of the main building of the branch along with the main store due to air strikes | Renting an office and stores as an emergency and temporary solution | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 3 | F= Finance | Non-payment of government debt | The Public Corporation for Water and Sanitation has been raised to the government's debt in order to barter with insurance and electricity | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 4 | SI = Source/Intake | Depletion of groundwater for the agriculture and qat irrigation, which caused a decrease in the productivity of (4) wells of the branch | Official notes have been submitted to the competent authorities to arrest them and prevent them from draining water | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 5 | SI = Source/Intake | Low groundwater level due to lack of barriers to harvest rainwater to recharge groundwater | No action has been taken | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 6 | TM = Transmission Main | Some of the pumping lines and network pipes are worn out, leading to increased losses | Repair and replacement of some pipes and carry out periodic maintenance as soon as possible | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 7 | SI = Source/Intake | The lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in the stores of the branch, which affects the maintenance | Parts purchased first | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 8 | TR = Treatment | Connecting the hospitals and health centers to the main sewage network | No action has been taken | - | No = No effect | >10 Very high risk |
| 9 | TM = Transmission Main | Citizens use the sewage water to irrigate their agricultural crops, which leads to spread the epidemics and diseases, as a result of the treatment plant stopping working, which requires rapid intervention to return it to work. | They were prevented and a complaint was submitted to the control authorities and obligated them not to use sewage water for the sake of their safety | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 10 | TM = Transmission Main | The citizens directly connected the swage to the swage network to drain the houses water with waste which causes blockage of | They were seized and filtered for dust and waste, and connecting rooms before the main network | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 11 | TM = Transmission Main | Citizens use the sewage water to irrigate their agricultural crops, which leads to spread the epidemics and diseases, as a result of the treatment plant stopping working, which requires rapid intervention to return it to work. | They were prevented and a complaint was submitted to the control authorities and obligated them not to use sewage water for the sake of their safety | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
| 12 | TM = Transmission Main | The citizens directly connected the swage to the swage network to drain the houses water with waste which causes blockage of | They were seized and filtered for dust and waste, and connecting rooms before the main network | - | Slight = Slight effect on risk | >10 Very high risk |
6. Action plan for prioritised resilience risks
Table 12. Summary of action plan for prioritised risks related to the finance and administration
This section presents an action plan for the prioritised performance and resilience risks that relate to financing, organization, administration, and customer relations (Table 12). Some lower priority actions may also be included in the table if they are very easy to overcome at low or no cost. For the actions, it is essential to take a gender sensitive approach and take into account gender specific data.
| 1 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | ADM = administration and customer relations | Conducting training courses | Admin | 14 months | - | Destruction of the building with the main store of the branch due to the bombing of the aircraft | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | ADM = administration and customer relations | - | - | - | - | The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | F=Finance | 1. Preparing the tariff study 2. Approve it by the official authorities, taking into account the current conditions of the country and the high cost of living | Financial management + subscriber management + branch manager | 8 months | - | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff because of their lack of qualification, as well as a lack of qualified staff, which causes a low level of performance | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | ADM = administration and customer relations | - | - | - | - | The branch’s low ability to collect debts from subscribers, especially from the government sector, and thus increase the burdens on the branch and its inability to continue providing water and sanitation services | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | ADM = administration and customer relations | - | - | - | - | The inability of the branch to carry out the evaluating process of the assets and property of the branch due to the financial inability of the branch to cover the costs of inventory and evaluation, which leads to an imbalance in the accounting process of the branch | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 7 | F=Finance | - | - | - | - | The absence of a modern electronic system that includes a database and correct information (administrative - financial - subscriber accounts - stores), which affects the level of performance in the branch | (7 – 10) High risk |
| 8 | ADM = administration and customer relations | installing integrated pumping units powered by solar energy for the wells operating in the branch with pumping stations, or assisting the corporation in digging additional wells and installing integrated pumping units powered by solar energy. | Leadership of the general corporation and the branch + donor organizations | Two years and eight months | - | Employees do not receive their salaries and fees regularly and in full, and workers’ fees are low. | <3 Low risk |
Table 13. Summary of action plan for prioritised water supply performance risks.
| 1 | TM = Transmission Main, | Study preparation Find a sponsor | Branch Manager + Donor Organizations | 4 years and 4 months | - | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | intolerable risk |
| 2 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | Implementation of the new network Raising the necessary needs of generators, pumps and spare parts | Branch management + Donor Organizations | One year and 6 months | - | High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costs | intolerable risk |
| 3 | TM = Transmission Main, | Study preparation Find a sponsor | Branch Manager + Donor Organizations | 4 years and 4 months | - | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performance | intolerable risk |
| 4 | SI = Source/Intake or borehole | 1. Discussing the official authorities 2. Establishing and implementing controls | Branch manager and relevant authorities in the region | 2 years and ten months | - | Depletion of groundwater for agriculture | intolerable risk |
| 5 | TM = Transmission Main, | Study preparation Find a sponsor | Branch Manager + Donor Organizations | 4 years and 4 months | - | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | intolerable risk |
| 6 | TM = Transmission Main, | Study preparation Find a sponsor | Branch Manager + Donor Organizations | 4 years and 4 months | - | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performance | intolerable risk |
Table 14. Summary of action plan for prioritised wastewater performance risks
| 1 | SS = Sewer System | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
| 2 | TM=Transmission Main | Prevent farmers from using wastewater 1- Conducting an awareness-raisin g workshop for farmers 2- Making controls on violators 3- Raise it to the official authorities to seize them | Branch management + donor organization s | 4 years and 9 months | - | The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
| 3 | SS = Sewer System | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | The lack of the tightness in the home delivery rooms, which leads to the entry of dust and waste into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
| 4 | SS = Sewer System | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | The sewage water of the hospital does not have a drainage network and primary treatment plant, and it flows directly into the sewage network | intolerable risk |
| 5 | SS = Sewer System | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Damage of the previous collection basins, so the branch does not have a sewage treatment plant, which leads to the emptying of sewage into water stream way (Alsyaalah) | high risk |
7. Proposed monitoring system
The proposed monitoring comprises two main issues: overall monitoring of the monthly performance of the water supply and waste water system and progress with the implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
Annex 1 RSIP Team and list of advisors that where consulted
The proposed monitoring system needs to cover system performance, effectivity op control measures, and implementation of the RSIP.
In this section it is also important to indicate when the RSIP will be reviewed and revised as needed (possibly on an annual basis).
| 1 | Abdullah Mufaddal Al Wali | Shibam Branch | Branch General Manager | 777770853 | Abdallahalwly@gmail.com |
| 2 | Khadija Saleh Ali | Shibam Branch | computer | 778211148 | Khadijasaleh777@gmail.com |
| 3 | Dr. Sharafaddin Abdullah Ahmed | WEC | Supervisor | 777665575 | Sharaf1960s@gmail.com |
| 4 | Eng. Amien Abdoraboh Al-Mowri | Sana’a LC | Supervisor | 777474841 | - |
| 5 | Dr. Sharafaddin Abdullah Ahmed | WEC | Supervisor | 777665575 | Sharaf1960s@gmail.com |
| 6 | Eng. Amien Abdoraboh Al-Mowri | Sana’a LC | Supervisor | 777474841 | - |
Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply
| Overview of the boreholes used for the water supply |  |
|---|
Table 15. Important risks in the water catchment area
Provide a brief description of the catchment area (Figure 3) (in case of a groundwater scheme of the aquifer and its main recharge area) and an indication of the main hazardous events in the water catchment area (water quality, water availability, landslides, catchment deterioration, expansion of agricultural border) that may affect system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 14). It is important to indicate whether the water utility by itself can do something in the water catchment or that it depends on other actors. This may include for example climate change related problems or over pumping by other actors.
| 1 | Depletion of groundwater in agriculture and qat irrigation, which affects the water level in the wells belonging to the branch and makes some of them out of service | IS = Interruption in supply | 5 = very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
Table 16. Important risks in the water source and water intake
Provide a brief description of the water source(s) and water intake(s) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 15). This may include contamination of the source, deteriorating water quality in the source, lack of power sources, falling water table, damages of the intake due to war, flooding or other causes. If several boreholes exist, it may be an option to combine the description of the boreholes that tap the same aquifer, to minimize the length of the report. Yet it is essential that specific risks and hazardous events that are related to specific boreholes, such as high sensitivity to war damages, conflict points, or technical cracks in cover or casing that affect water quality of the borehole. Also provide a brief description of possible water loss that may take place in the water intake or transmission lines (Table 16). Whereas this is not included in the definition of non-revenue water it is important to understand the situation and explore whether this water loss can be prevented as it may make more water available for the water system or for other users. Water losses due to illegal use from the wells field or in the transmission lines for irrigation purposes consumes massive amount of water compared to domestic illegal uses.
| 1 | Depletion of groundwater for agriculture | P = physical | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 2 | Some of the pumping lines and network pipes are worn out, causing an increase in losses | P = physical | 5=very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 3 | High energy costs and lack of fuel raise production costs | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 4 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff (insufficient qualified staff), which causes a low level of performance | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 5 | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 6 | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators in branch stores, which affects maintenance | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 3=Likely (3) > 20% of the time | > 10 Intolerable risk |
Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes
| Figure 4. Overview of the Technical Design of Lc Boreholes | |
|---|
Table 17. Water loss in the water intake
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
Picture of a diagram of the transmission lines
| Overview of the Technical Design of Sana’a Lc Boreholes |  |
|---|
Table 18 Important risks in the transmission main
Provide a brief description of the transmission main (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, water meter(s) and valves) (Figure 4) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 17). This may include: leaking pipes, old pipes, landslides, poor reparations, illegal connections, etc. In case of pumping issues may be lack of fuel, poor electricity supply, inadequate maintenance etc. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place (Table 18).
| 1 | Pipe wear leads to a waste of produced water | IS = Interruption in supply | 5=very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 7 – 10 high risk |
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
Table 19. Water loss in the transmission main
| 1 | The reason for the wear of the transmission pipes leads to an increase in losses, especially the pumping line to Kawkaban and the pumping line to well No. (5) | - |
A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants
| Figure 6. A picture or diagram of the treatment system and chlorination plants | |
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Table 20. Important risks related to the water treatment system
Hazard type: M = microbial, C = chemical, P = physical, IS = interruption in supply
Effect: 1 = minimal effect; 3 = serious impact, 5 = very serious impact
Frequency: Rare (1) < 1% of the time, cases, connections; Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time, cases, connections; Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases, connections
| 1 | Detrition of Collective reservoir of Tholla area causes water loss | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 2=Moderate (2) 1 – 20% of the time | 7 – 10 High risk |
| 2 | Wadi Alneem reservoir is out of service due to it elevation and volume | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases | > 10 Intolerable risk |
| 3 | Wadi Alneem reservoir is out of service due to it elevation and volume | IS = interruption in supply | 5=Very serious impact | 3= Likely (3) > 20% of the time, cases | > 10 Intolerable risk |
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Table 21. Water loss in the treatment system
Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks
| Figure 7: Pictures of typical meter situation and storage tanks |  |
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Table 22. Important risks in the storage reservoir(s)
Provide a brief description of the storage reservoir(s) (Figure 7) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 21). This may include: leakages, damage because of the war, contamination, lack of maintenance. In case water chlorination is included in the storage reservoir than this also needs to be described (and this may entail problems with the supply of chlorine. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place including water that may be lost through the overflow or water used for cleaning (Table 22).
| 1 | - | M = microbial | 1 = Minimal effect | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | <3 Low risk |
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
Table 23. Water loss in water storage reservoir
Water Distribution Network Diagram
| Figure 8: Diagram of water distribution networks | |
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Table 24. Important risks in the distribution system(s
Provide a brief description of the distribution system(s) (length, diameter, type of material, age, condition, overflow, water meter(s) and valves) and a schematic drawing of the system (Figure 8). Indicate the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 23). This may include: intermittent water supply (rationing), high leakage, illegal connections, inadequate repairs, damage due to the war. Also give an indication of the water loss that may take place and the water pressure distribution (Table 24).
| 1 | - | M = Microbial | 1 = Minimal effect | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | <3 Low risk |
Table 25. Water loss in water distribution system
A picture of the condition of the meter and the household tank
| Figure 9: Picture of the case of the meter and the household tank |  |
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Table 26. Important risks in Household water storage
Provide a brief description of household water situation (type of water meter, household water storage (size, type of material) (Figure 9) and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect the system performance, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 25). Explore whether risks are gender specific. Give an indication of the water loss that may take place (flowing toilets, plumbing problems, leaking taps, including water that may be lost through the overflow of storage tanks (Table 26).
| 1 | - | M = Microbial | 1 = Minimal effect | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | <3 Low risk |
Table 27. Water loss at household level
Pictures of alternative water sources
| Figure 10: Pictures of alternative water sources | |
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Table 28. Important risks in alternative water systems
Provide a brief description of alternative water systems (Figure 10), the level of use by consumers and an indication of the main hazardous events that may affect these systems, the hazards involved, the possible effect, the frequency and the resulting risk (Table 27). This may include for example local water distribution points that provide water to the community which they receive from tankers (paid by humanitarian organizations), local wells and rainwater systems. In the Yemeni context alternative water sources may be an important source for drinking water and may for example entail a risk of spreading cholera, but also may affect water sales of the utility, affecting its financial sustainability and resilience.
| 1 | - | M = Microbial | 1 = Minimal effect | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | <3 Low risk |
Table 29. Less important risks that were identified
Table 29: Less important risks that were identified
| 1 | - | M = microbial | 1 = Minimal effect | 1=Rare (1) < 1% of the time | <3 Low risk |
Table 30. Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
Intervention to reduce risk of water tariff not covering cost
| 1 | The tariff does not cover operating and maintenance expenses and workers' wages | 6 months 1 month 1 month | - | Re-examine the tariff | 1. Preparing the tariff study 2. Approval by the official authorities 3. Implementation of the study outcomes |
| 2 | Non-acceptance of retired employees in insurances | (1) 2 months (2) 6 month (3) 6 months | - | Inclusion of employees with insurances | 1- Paying the overdue debt with the Insurance Branch 2- Discussing the General Authority for Insurance to accept retired employees 3- Accreditation of employees with insurances |
| 3 | Non-acceptance of retired employees in insurances | (1) 2 months (2) 6 month (3) 6 months | - | Inclusion of employees with insurances | 1- Paying the overdue debt with the Insurance Branch 2- Discussing the General Authority for Insurance to accept retired employees 3- Accreditation of employees with insurances |
Table 31. Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
Intervention to Very high NRW (technical and financial losses)
| 1 | Depletion of groundwater for agriculture and qat irrigation, which caused a decrease in the productivity of (4) wells for the branch | 2 months 2 months 6 months 2 years 2 years 2 years | - | Construction of feeding barriers for wells | 1. Discussing the official authorities 2. Establishing and implementing controls measures 3. Preparing studies for constructing rainwater harvesting barriers to feed underground wells 4. Find a donor 5. Adoption of barriers to feed the wells 6. constructing rainwater harvesting barriers |
| 2 | High energy costs and lack of fuel | 2 months 3 years 6 months | - | Alternative energy installation | 1. Preparing study 2. Find a donor 3. Implementing and operating the alternative energy |
| 3 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff | 6 months 6 months 2 years | - | Qualification of the staff | 1. Preparing an institutional analysis study 2. Find a donor 3. Holding training courses |
| 4 | Weak capacity building of technical and administrative staff | 6 months 6 months 2 years | | Qualification of the staff | 1. Preparing an institutional analysis study 2. Find a donor 3. Holding training courses |
Table 32. Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
Intervention to reduce risk of high fuel prices and frequent fuel crises (Fuel Instability)
table 33.Intervention to reduce risk of households water storage tanks
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (A2.10.1); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
| 1 | Lack of engines, pumps and spare parts for generators | Year and 6 months | - | Provides engines, pumps and spare parts for generators | 1. Preparing a needs study 2. Find a sponsor 3. Supply of parts and equipment |
| 2 | Destruction of the branch building with the main store | 2 months 4 years 4 months | - | Building a branch office with the main store | 1- Preparing a study 2- Find a donor 3- Constructing the office building with the main store |
table 34: Intervention to reduce risk of sewers blockage
In this section, the proposed actions to improve the system and enhance its resilience are presented in some detail. In this version of the report the activities related to only one of the main risks are presented in table (34); in the final version also the other priority actions will be included.
| 1 | No treatment plant | 4 years | - | Completion of the new station with the rehabilitation and expansion of the network | 1. Find a sponsor. 2. Implementation of the project |
| 2 | Citizens use sewage water to irrigate agricultural crops | 9 months | - | Prevent farmers from using wastewater | 1- Conducting an awareness-raising workshop for farmers 2- Making controls on violators 3- Raise it to the official authorities to seize them |
